The Paradox of Poverty: Exploring the Intersection of Online Loan Defaults and Corruption Among Low-Income Communities
Keywords:
Digital Behavior, Digital Community, Computer Mediated Communication, Regulation, Financial InstitutionAbstract
The rise of online lending platforms in Indonesia is accompanied by significant issues, one of which is the "galbay" (gagal bayar) movement that has emerged through Facebook groups advocating for individuals to default on their online loans. While the Technology Acceptance Model affirms the convenience of digital lending platforms, there exists a disjunction between culturally prescribed financial goals and the institutional means available to achieve them, leading to an anomie within the social structure. This paper employs netnography to explore the "Raja Galbay" group on Facebook, examining the motivations and behaviors of its members. this paper explore the motivation, causes, and how user decided to default their online lending. Concern like privacy, collective movement exploration also discussed in this paper. indicate that online communities play a critical role in shaping the perception and behavior of individuals facing financial distress. This galbay movement is recognized as a legitimate reaction to financial difficulties rather than a violation of ethical or legal responsibilities. The community functions not only as a platform for sharing information but also as a support network that reinforces the normalization of loan defaults. These observations underscore the necessity for a more nuanced approach to financial regulation and consumer protection, taking into account the social dynamics that shape financial decision-making in digital environments.
References
Admiral, A., & Pauck, M. (2023). Unveiling the Dark Side of Fintech: Challenges and Breaches in Protecting User Data in Indonesia’s Online Loan Services. Lex Scientia Law Review. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v7i2.77881
Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rana, N. P. (2020). Factors influencing the adoption of mobile banking in Jordan: A technology acceptance model perspective. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 38(7), 1457-1478. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-12-2019-0460
Alief, F., & Astuti, R. (2024). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Intention of Applying for Digital-Based Loans Based on the Technology Acceptance Model. Journal of Business and Management Studies. https://doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2024.6.4.1
Amalia, N., Dalimunthe, Z., & Triono, R. (2019). The Effect of Lender’s Protection on Online Peer-to-Peer Lending in Indonesia. IO: Theory eJournal.
Angkasa, A., Wamafma, F., Juanda, O., & Nunna, B. (2023). Illegal Online Loans in Indonesia: Between the Law Enforcement and Protection of Victim. Lex Scientia Law Review. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v7i1.67558
Ardley, B., & McIntosh, E. (2021). Netnography, Facebook, and the Adult Fans of LEGO: Researching Value Creation Processes in an Online Community. **. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529761436
Baso, F., & Kholifah, A. (2022). Islamic Law Review on Default and Unlawful Acts in Online Lending Practices. Wealth: Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance, 1, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.24090/wealth.v1i1.7000
Bestari, N. P. (2023, February 21). Warga RI Tak Bayar Pinjol Makin Banyak, Ini Data Lengkapnya. CNBC Indonesia; https://www.facebook.com/CNBCIndonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20230221081055-37-415500/warga-ri-tak-bayar-pinjol-makin-banyak-ini-data-lengkapnya
Chairil, A., & Masrina, D. (2023). Managing Between Privacy and Sharing in Group Anti Pelakor Indonesia. Jurnal ASPIKOM. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v8i1.1148
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Ghofar, A., Kusumadewi, A., & Nugraha, R. (2023). Financial Technology: An Evaluation of the Integrated Model for Peer-to-Peer Lending Platforms in Indonesia. Migration Letters. https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20is12.5870
Hardayu, A., Afifah, N., & , M. (2024). The Rising Popularity of Online Lending in Indonesia: The New Opportunities for Banks (Push-Pull Mooring Perspective). Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2024/v24i61379
Hasyim, F. (2020). Peer To Peer Lending As Alternative Online Microfinance Platform: Threat And Challenge To Islamic Microfinance. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society, 2. https://doi.org/10.22515/islimus.v4i2.1491
Hossain, M. M., & Quaddus, M. (2020). Factors influencing the acceptance of online lending platforms in Bangladesh: An empirical study. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 25(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-020-00073-5
Ismayani, I. (2024). Socialization Of Default Cases In The Context Of Legal Online Loan Failures. Journal of Community Research and Service. https://doi.org/10.24114/jcrs.v8i2.53534
Kaur, P., Singh, S., & Kaur, R. (2021). Understanding the factors influencing the adoption of digital lending services in India: An empirical study. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 26(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-021-00101-5
Khilfah, H., & Faturohman, T. (2020). Social Media Data To Determine Loan Default Predicting Method In An Islamic Online Peer To Peer Lending. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v6i2.1184
Krisna, A., Wisanggeni, S. P., & Rejeki, S. (2023, November 22). Jutaan Anak Muda Sulit Bayar Pinjol - Kompas.id. Kompas.Id; Harian Kompas. https://www.kompas.id/baca/investigasi/2023/11/22/jutaan-anak-muda-kesulitan-bayar-pinjol
Kurniasari, F., & Utomo, P. (2020). Determinants Of Effectiveness Repayment Apps At P2p Lending Platform During Covid 19 Pandemic In Indonesia. Ultimaccounting : Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi. https://doi.org/10.31937/akuntansi.v13i1.2094
Lehner-Mear, R. (2020). Negotiating the ethics of Netnography: developing an ethical approach to an online study of mother perspectives. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 23, 123 - 137. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2019.1634879
Maghfirah, F., & Husna, F. (2022). Cyber Crime And Privacy Right Violation Cases Of Online Loans In Indonesia. Proceedings: Dirundeng International Conference on Islamic Studies. https://doi.org/10.47498/dicis.v1i1.1009
Mayne, A., Noble, C., Duffy, P., Gow, K., Glasgow, A., O’Neill, K., Reid, J., & Valero, D. (2023). Navigating Digital Ethics for Rural Research: Guidelines and recommendations for researchers and administrators of social media groups. **. https://doi.org/10.57064/2164/22326
Merton, R. K. (1938). Social structure and anomie. American Sociological Review, 3(5), 672–682. https://doi.org/10.2307/2084686
Putri, A., & Ramantoko, G. (2023). Using Semantic Analysis to Investigate Customer Experience Case P2P Lending. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/v6-i12-31
Putri, T., Karmawan, G., & Hendratno, S. (2024). Analysis of the Implementation of the UTAUT Model in Assessing Factors Influencing Consumer Loan Decisions on Online Loan Applications. 2024 Zooming Innovation in Consumer Technologies Conference (ZINC), 118-123. https://doi.org/10.1109/ZINC61849.2024.10579449
Rahadian, A., & Thamrin, H. (2023). Analysis of Factors Affecting MSME in Using Fintech Lending as Alternative Financing: Technology Acceptance Model Approach. Brazilian Business Review. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2023.20.3.4.en
Roth-Cohen, O., & Lahav, T. (2018). Going undercover: Online domestic tourism marketing communication in closed and open Facebook groups. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 25, 349 - 362. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766718796054
Santoso, W., Trinugroho, I., & Risfandy, T. (2019). What Determine Loan Rate and Default Status in Financial Technology Online Direct Lending? Evidence from Indonesia. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 56, 351 - 369. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2019.1605595
Sasmita, H., Kamilah, S., Wardodo, R., & Wicaksana, T. (2022). Analisis Faktor Perlindungan Konsumen Dalam Urgensi Pembentukan Undang-Undang Pinjaman Online (Peer To Peer Lending). Media Iuris. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v5i1.27733
Sigalingging, B., Putri, A., & Yusnita, U. (2024). Obstacles in the Implementation of Online Loans in Indonesia (Based on Protection Law Consumer). Justice Voice. https://doi.org/10.37893/jv.v2i2.825
Subagiyo, D., Gestora, L., & Sulistiyo, S. (2022). Characteristic Of Illegal Online Loans In Indonesia. Indonesia Private Law Review. https://doi.org/10.25041/iplr.v3i1.2594
Suryono, R., Budi, I., & Purwandari, B. (2021). Detection of fintech P2P lending issues in Indonesia. Heliyon, 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06782
Sykes, G. M., & Matza, D. (1957). Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency. American Sociological Review, 22(6), 664–670. https://doi.org/10.2307/2089195
Tan, D. (2022). Demystifying the proliferation of online peer-to-peer lending in Indonesia: Decoding fintech as a regulatory challenge. Asian Journal of Law and Society. https://doi.org/10.1017/als.2022.21
Tokunaga, R. S., & Gustafson, A. (2014). Seeking and experiencing morality in computer-mediated communication. Communication Research Reports, 31(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2013.843165
Walther, J. B. (1992). Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: A relational perspective. Communication Research, 19(1), 52–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365092019001003
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Xu, X. (2021). Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology: A synthesis and the road ahead. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 22(2), 1-42. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00650
Yadav, M., & Shanmugam, S. (2024). Factors Influencing Behavioral Intentions to Use Digital Lending: An Extension of TAM Model. Jindal Journal of Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/22786821231211411
Zimmer, M. (2010). “But the data is already public”: on the ethics of research in Facebook. Ethics and Information Technology, 12, 313-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-010-9227-5
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jogjakarta Communication Conference (JCC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
