Empathic Communication in Digital Spaces: Supporting the Mental Health of Cancer Patients

Authors

  • Ade Rahmawati Siregar Universitas Sumatera Utara
  • Dewi Kurniawati
  • Nurbani
  • Raras Sutatminingsih

Keywords:

Empathic Communication, Digital Space, Mental Health, Cancer Patient

Abstract

The importance of verbal and nonverbal communication approaches in digital spaces has become a communication approach used worldwide. This communication approach can be linked to the mental health outcomes of patients with chronic illnesses such as cancer. In communication, empathy means trying to understand another person's perspective on what they are saying. Previous research has analyzed various communication approaches in digital spaces, particularly in relation to the mental health outcomes of cancer patients, but these studies remain limited. The primary objective of this qualitative research study was to explore empathic communication in digital spaces among cancer patients in Medan, Indonesia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and an analysis of empathic communication perspectives. The analysis revealed that cancer patients struggling to survive rely heavily on verbal communication, through direct guidance and information that can directly motivate them to fight cancer, and non-verbal communication, through text or scenes that also inspire their enthusiasm for surviving the disease. Therefore, it is recommended that an application be developed specifically to assist cancer patients segmented by age, gender, and profession so they can easily access detailed information about empathetic perspectives to achieve mental health.

References

Albright, K., Navarro, E. I., Jarad, I., Boyd, M. R., Powell, B. J., & Lewis, C. C. (2022). Communication strategies to facilitate the implementation of new clinical practices: a qualitative study of community mental health therapists. Translational behavioral medicine, 12(2), 324–334. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibab139.

Babaii, A., Mohammadi, E., & Sadooghiasl, A. (2021). The Meaning of the Empathetic Nurse-Patient Communication: A Qualitative Study. Journal of patient experience, 8, 23743735211056432. https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735211056432

Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N. (2018) Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing among Five Approaches. 4th Edition, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks.

Farzan, M., Ebrahimi, H., Pourali, M., & Sabeti, F. (2025). Artificial Intelligence-Powered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Chatbots, a Systematic Review. Iranian journal of psychiatry, 20(1), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v20i1.17395.

Funk, M., Saraceno, B., Drew, N., & Faydi, E. (2008). Integrating mental health into primary healthcare. Mental health in family medicine, 5(1), 5–8.

Haan, M., & Venema, S. D. (2025). Using a Blended Approach to Thematic Analysis: A Case Study on Fatherhood and Imprisonment. Public opinion quarterly, 89(SI), 716–733. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfaf033

Hargreaves, S., Bath, P. A., Duffin, S., & Ellis, J. (2018). Sharing and Empathy in Digital Spaces: Qualitative Study of Online Health Forums for Breast Cancer and Motor Neuron Disease (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). Journal of medical Internet research, 20(6), e222. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9709

J. Shi & Z. Khoo (2023) Online health community for change: Analysis of self-disclosure and social networks of users with depression. Front. Psychol. 14:1092884. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1092884

Jenstad, L. M., Howe, T., Breau, G., Abel, J., Colozzo, P., Halas, G., Mason, G., Rieger, C., Simon, L., & Strachan, S. (2024). Communication between healthcare providers and communicatively-vulnerable patients with associated health outcomes: A scoping review of knowledge syntheses. Patient Education and Counseling, 119, Article 108040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2023.108040.

Johnson, S., Dalton-Locke, C., Baker, J., Hanlon, C., Salisbury, T. T., Fossey, M., Newbigging, K., Carr, S. E., Hensel, J., Carrà, G., Hepp, U., Caneo, C., Needle, J. J., & Lloyd-Evans, B. (2022). Acute psychiatric care: Approaches to increasing the range of services and improving access and quality of care. World Psychiatry, 21(2), 220-236.

Kilbourne, A. M., Barbaresso, M. M., Lai, Z., Nord, K. M., Bramlet, M., Goodrich, D. E., Post, E. P., Almirall, D., & Bauer, M. S. (2017). Improving Physical Health in Patients With Chronic Mental Disorders: Twelve-Month Results From a Randomized Controlled Collaborative Care Trial. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(1), 129–137. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.15m10301.

Kirkbride, J. B., Anglin, D. M., Colman, I., Dykxhoorn, J., Jones, P. B., Patalay, P., Pitman, A., Soneson, E., Steare, T., Wright, T., & Griffiths, S. L. (2024). The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 23(1), 58–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21160.

Krzyzaniak N, Greenwood H, Scott AM, et al. The effectiveness of telehealth versus face-to face interventions for anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2024;30(2):250-261. doi:10.1177/1357633X211053738

Kunzler, A. M., Helmreich, I., Chmitorz, A., König, J., Binder, H., Wessa, M., & Lieb, K. (2020). Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare professionals. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 7(7), CD012527. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012527.pub2

Maqsood, A., Gul, S., Noureen, N., & Yaswi, A. (2024). Dynamics of Perceived Stress, Stress Appraisal, and Coping Strategies in an Evolving Educational Landscape. Behavioral Sciences, 14(7), 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14070532.

McGinty, E., Pescosolido, B., Kennedy-Hendricks, A., & Barry, C. L. (2018). Communication Strategies to Counter Stigma and Improve Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorder Policy. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 69(2), 136–146. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201700076

Mo, F., Zhou, J., Kosinski, M. & Stillwell, D. (2018). Usage patterns and social circles on Facebook among elderly people with diverse personality traits. Educational Gerontology, 44(4), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2018.1459088

Rao, A. (2023). The Complex Relationship Between Chronic Diseases and Mental Health. Resea. Chro. Dise., 7(4), 087–089. https://doi.org/10.37532/rcd.2023.7(4).087-089

Rizvi A, Harmer B, Saadabadi A. Suicidal Ideation. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565877/.

Shahwan, S., Goh, C. M. J., Tan, G. T. H., Ong, W. J., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2022). Strategies to Reduce Mental Illness Stigma: Perspectives of People with Lived Experience and Caregivers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031632.

Sharkiya, S. H. (2023). Quality communication can improve patient-centred health outcomes among older patients: a rapid review. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09869-8

Tanti, R., Cunningham, R., & Fisher, P. (2024). Understanding patients' perspectives of clinical communication within a Major Trauma Centre. Injury, 55(9), 111563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2024.111563

Swathi, M., Manjusha, S., Vadakkiniath, I. J., & Gururaj, A. (2023). Prevalence and correlates of stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with chronic diseases: a cross-sectional study. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00340-2

Yang, D., Yao, Z., & Kraut, R. (2017). Self-disclosure and Channel Difference in Online Health Support Groups. Proceedings of the ... International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 2017, 704–707.

Yeo, G., Fortuna, K. L., Lansford, J. E., & Rudolph, K. D. (2025). The effects of digital peer support interventions on physical and mental health: a review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 34, e9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000854

Yoo, W., Namkoong, K., Choi, M., Shah, D. V., Tsang, S., Hong, Y., Aguilar, M., & Gustafson, D. H. (2014). Giving and Receiving Emotional Support Online: Communication Competence as a Moderator of Psychosocial Benefits for Women with Breast Cancer. Computers in human behavior, 30, 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.024

Zeng, W., Wang, Y., Cui, L., & Feng, N. (2025). Kecenderungan Materialistis Menyebabkan Kurangnya Empati dari Orang Lain. Ilmu Perilaku, 15 (5), 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050577

Downloads

Published

2026-06-30